Gianicolo tour

 

The Janiculum is not counted as one of the Seven Hills of Rome and was nicknamed the "8th hill". The name of Mons Janiculus is derived from the name of the king of Latium, Janus, who, according to legend, founded a city on the hill. Numa Pompilius, the Sabine successor of Romulus, was buried on the Janiculum, and Ancus Marcius, the 4th king of Rome, is said to have built the Pons Sublicius over the Tiber to connect the Janiculum with the city of Rome.

The hill provided a natural defense against the Etruscans, but it does not appear to have been fortified until after 87 b.C., during a period of civil strife between Marius and Sulla, when a wall was built from Pons Aemilius to the Porta Aurelia (Porta San Pancrazio). Part of it was included within the Aurelian Wall, and it was completely surrounded by Urban VIII when he built his wall in 1642. Its medieval name was Mons Aureus which referred to the yellow sand which covers its surface. It was the scene of Garibaldi's heroic stand in defense of the Roman Republic against French troops. During its history hill was occupied by monasteries, churches and villas, but the increasing of the population on the hill was always limited, even when Paul V built the aqueduct. The modern street leading to Janiculum was open only in 1867. Now the hill is covered by the green and is the public park since 1884.

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